1. Have your strategy (and plan) set before ever placing a trade
Do you already have a trading plan with your
strategy written out? If you don’t, you should. While it may sound
overly-detailed, or pedantic; the simple act of just knowing how you
want to approach a market can have a massive impact on your overall
approach.
Discipline is a necessary trait for any
discretionary trader, and perhaps even more important for a short-term
trader: But if you don’t know what you should do or how you should do it
– how can you expect to have long-term success?
That’s where the trading plan comes in. This is like
the trader’s ‘constitution’ as to how they’re going to operate and
speculate in a market. This way, anytime a trader begins their
operations for a day they already know how they want to attack the
market, and they don’t have to make up a brand-new game plan every
single morning.
If you want an example of a simple trading plan, we discussed that in the article How to Build a Four-Point Trading Plan; and if you’d like to go more in-depth, we covered that in The Trader’s Plan.
Various trader types, and example strategies for each
Trader Type
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Sample Strategy
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Scalper
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Day-Trader
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Swing-Trader
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Intermediate-Term
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Long-Term Trader
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Position Trader
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Taken from How to Build a Four-Point Trading Plan
2. Be selective – Trading is not entertainment
A key benefit of having the trading plan written out
is that the strategy or mannerism for placing trades is already decided
upon, and the trader simply has to look to execute as their strategy
dictates.
If a trader takes a position that doesn’t fall
within the plan or the strategy, well they know that it’s their fault
for not following the plan. It’s an unfortunate truth, but in many cases
the only way discipline can truly be learned is by seeing and feeling
the ramifications of being undisciplined; and in trading, that amounts
to losing money.
If you don’t feel that your trading plan is strong
enough then change it; make it better. And if you need to build more
confidence behind the strategy or strategies contained within the plan,
do some testing until you get that confidence. With the availability and cost of demo accounts (free) – there is no excuse not to.
To speed things up, you can go through simulation
with historical data to see how the strategy would’ve fared in the past.
We discuss this process of ‘manual back-testing’ in the article, ‘Practicing the Art of Trading.’ That will allow you to get numerous simulations in a short period of time.
After that, you can take the strategy to a live demo
environment… and once confident there; you can employ live capital
behind the strategy that you know you want to be using in the quest for
profitability.
I know that many traders, particularly new traders
want to eschew this testing and building and formulating because, well
it’s not all that much fun. But trading is not supposed to be
entertainment. If you want entertainment, there are movies and music and
all kinds of other things in this world to enjoy. Trading is a way to
make (or lose) money.
Surely, there’s an emotional response that human
beings get when placing trades… the potential to make or lose money
brings on the excitement or thrill of ‘the chase.’
But losing money isn’t fun… making money is. Losing
money is painful, costly, and psychologically-defeating. Over a long
enough period of losing, most people will eventually abandon their
efforts and look for greener pastures elsewhere (by quitting trading and
giving up on their goals). And it’s all because that trader couldn’t
control themselves enough to stick to their own plan.
Give yourself the best chances of success by
choosing high-probability strategies that you’re confident in so that
you can simply follow your own plan as opposed to ‘waking up in a new
world every morning.’
3. Risk management is critical to short-term traders
One of the biggest misconceptions about trading is
that winning percentages are the largest determinant of success. If you
look at most other venues in modern-day society, winning is the only
thing that matters.
In trading, this is somewhat deceiving; because the
size of the losses versus the size of the wins takes on a huge level of
importance. So much so that winning only 35-40% of the time could allow
for profitability, while a trader winning 60 or 70% of the time could
still be struggling while losing money (on net).
This was listed as The Number One Mistake that Forex Traders Make, and we explored this topic in-depth in the article, Top Trading Mistakes. In some currency pairs like GBPJPY, traders in the observed study won 2 out of 3 times (66% winning), yet they still lost
money. And the reason for this is that the size of the losses was so
large relative to the size of the average wins. If you want to learn
more about that, please feel free to visit either of the aforementioned
articles where this topic is explored in much more depth.
But many scalpers think or feel that looking for
bigger rewards than risk amounts is simply impossible in the short-term;
so they use wide stops and look to take ‘quick’ profits and they try to
win 80 or 90% of the time. This doesn’t usually work out well. Why?
It’s because we can’t tell the future. No matter how
strong your analysis, or strategy or trading plan – markets (and the
future) will always be unpredictable.
Rather, trading is more about probabilities and
trying to get the odds on your side, if even just by a little bit. And
the shorter-term we get in our approach, the more unpredictable price
action becomes. So short-term traders need to know how to lose properly,
and when they do win, they have to look to maximize the potential of
those scenarios. We talked about this topic in the article How to Reap Larger Rewards, in which we teach traders how to ‘scale out’ of winning positions after moving the stop on the trade to break-even.
In the example below, we see how important trade management can be. In the earlier mentioned webinar, I had taken a long EURJPY position into the European Central Bank Announcement this morning.
Risk Management Matters…
Created with Marketscope/Trading Station II; prepared by James Stanley
Initially, this worked out well as a lack of a movement in European interest rates saw the Euro
fly higher. I used this opportunity to move my stop to break-even, and I
began to ‘scale out’ of the position (closing pieces of the trade)
while it was ‘in the money.’
As Mario Draghi took the stage for the ECB press
conference, prices continued to surge, and I used this as an opportunity
to scale out of more of the position.
But then something changed, and because I was
hosting a webinar at the time I didn’t know exactly what it might be.
But the Euro stopped moving higher and quickly began throttling lower.
I knew something was wrong… so I closed out the
remainder of the long position at my trailed stop of +20 pips from my
initial entry price. This saved me and allowed me to keep a profit on
the position. And then the Euro just continued to fall.
If not for the trailed stop, and the scaling-out
that I had done while my trade was ‘in the money,’ I’d be looking at a
loss on this trade. But, trade management saved me.
The lesson to take from this is that markets are
unpredictable, whether we have an open position or not. Greed and fear
often govern our decisions, which is why having a plan is so important.
But focusing on risk and trade management is what allows for a trader to
plan, strategize, and strive for long-term success with a short-term
approach in markets.